Page 22 - Kashmir and National Education Policy by Dr. Amarpreet Kour

KASHMIR & NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY 2020 || DR. AMARPREET KOUR

39. Implementation is shared by central, state, and local
governments, with the central government covering 68% of
costs. The Act, stemming from Article 21-A of the Constitution
(86th Amendment, 2002), guarantees free education by
eliminating financial barriers and obligates governments to
ensure admission, attendance, and completion of elementary
education. It came into effect on 1 April 2010 (Government of
India, 2009).

40. Samagra Shiksha - an Integrated Scheme for School Education
has been launched throughout the country as a Centrally
Sponsored Scheme with effect from the year 2018-19. This
programme subsumes the three erstwhile Centrally Sponsored
Schemes of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA), Rashtriya
Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA) and Teacher Education
(TE) (Government of India, 2018).

41. It is an overarching programme for the school education sector
extending from pre-school to class XII and aims to ensure
inclusive and equitable quality education at all levels of school
education. It envisages the ‘school’ as a continuum from pre-
school, primary, upper primary, secondary to senior secondary
levels (Government of India, 2018).

42. The major interventions under the scheme are: (i) Universal
Access including Infrastructure Development and Retention;
(ii) Gender and Equity; (iii) Inclusive Education; (iv) Quality;
(v) Financial support for Teacher Salary; (vi) Digital initiatives;
(vii) Entitlements under the Right of Children to Free and
Compulsory Education (RTE) Act, 2009 including uniforms,
textbooks etc.;(viii) Pre-school Education; (ix) Vocational
Education; (x) Sports and Physical Education; (xi) Strengthening
of Teacher Education and Training; and (xii) Monitoring of the
scheme. The main emphasis of the Scheme is on improving
quality of school education and the strategy for all interventions
would be to enhance the Learning Outcomes at all levels of
schooling (Government of India, 2018).

43. In the early 1990s, the District Primary Education Programme
(DPEP) introduced the District Information System for
Education (DISE), a school-based computerized information
system designed to monitor classes 1-5. Over time, this system

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